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This app is great and I have been using it for years. It has turned my chromebook into a productive machine. The important part for me is that this app captures all keyboard input and directs it to the console instead of letting chormeOS pick it up. The Johari window is a technique that helps people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916–1995) in 1955, and is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise. Instantly see a Google Street View of any supported location. Easily share and save your favourite views.

Johari window

The Johari window is a technique[1] that helps people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916–1995) in 1955, and is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise.[2][3] Luft and Ingham named their model 'Johari' using a combination of their first names.

Description[edit]

In the exercise, someone picks a number of adjectives from a list, choosing ones they feel describe their own personality. The subject's peers then get the same list, and each picks an equal number of adjectives that describe the subject. These adjectives are then inserted into a two-by-two grid of four cells.[4]

The philosopher Charles Handy calls this concept the Johari House with four rooms. Room one is the part of ourselves that we and others see. Room two contains aspects that others see but we are unaware of. Room three is the private space we know but hide from others. Room four is the unconscious part of us that neither ourselves nor others see.[5]

The four quadrants[edit]

Open or Arena
Adjectives that both the subject and peers select go in this cell (or quadrant) of the grid. These are traits that subject and peers perceive.
Blind
Adjectives not selected by subjects, but only by their peers go here. These represent what others perceive but the subject does not.
Façade
Adjectives selected by the subject, but not by any of their peers, go in this quadrant. These are things the peers are either unaware of, or that are untrue but for the subject's claim.
Unknown
Adjectives that neither subject nor peers selected go here. They represent subject's behaviors or motives that no one participating recognizes—either because they do not apply or because of collective ignorance of these traits.

Johari adjectives[edit]

The participant can use adjectives like these as possible descriptions in the Johari window.[6]

  • able
  • accepting
  • adaptable
  • bold
  • brave
  • calm
  • caring
  • cheerful
  • clever
  • complex
  • confident
  • dependable
  • dignified
  • empathetic
  • energetic
  • extroverted
  • friendly
  • giving
  • happy
  • helpful
  • idealistic
  • independent
  • ingenious
  • intelligent
  • introverted
  • kind
  • knowledgeable
  • logical
  • loving
  • mature
  • modest
  • nervous
  • observant
  • organized
  • patient
  • powerful
  • proud
  • quiet
  • reflective
  • relaxed
  • religious
  • responsive
  • searching
  • self-assertive
  • self-conscious
  • sensible
  • sentimental
  • shy
  • silly
  • smart
  • spontaneous
  • sympathetic
  • tense
  • trustworthy
  • warm
  • wise
  • witty

Motivational equivalent[edit]

The concept of meta-emotions categorized by basic emotions offers the possibility of a meta-emotional window as a motivational counterpart to the meta-cognitive Johari window.

Therapy[edit]

One therapeutic target may be the expansion of the Open (Arena) square at the expense of both the Unknown square and the Blind Spot square, resulting in greater knowledge of oneself, while voluntary disclosure of Private (Hidden or Facade) squares may result in greater interpersonal intimacy and friendship.[7]

See also[edit]

  • Shadow – Term in Jungian psychology
  • There are known knowns - A phrase, where the opposite, unknown unknowns, was created with this.

References[edit]

  1. ^Luft, J.; Ingham, H. (1955). 'The Johari window, a graphic model of interpersonal awareness'. Proceedings of the Western Training Laboratory in Group Development. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.
  2. ^Pearl, Judea (1983). Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving. New York, Addison-Wesley, p. vii. ISBN978-0-201-05594-8
  3. ^Emiliano, Ippoliti (2015). Heuristic Reasoning: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–2. ISBN978-3-319-09159-4.
  4. ^Luft, Joseph (1969). Of Human Interaction. Palo Alto, California: National Press. p. 177.
  5. ^'Linked-in link to the creation of Johari's window' https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/johari-window-kamal-parmar
  6. ^Staff (undated). 'Johari Window'. kevan.org. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  7. ^Perry, P. (2010) Couch Fiction. pp. 123–124.

Further reading[edit]

  • Luft, Joseph (1972). Einfuhrung in die Gruppendynamik. Ernst Klett Verlag.
  • Hase, Steward; Alan Davies; Bob Dick (1999). The Johari Window and the Dark Side of Organisations. Southern Cross University.
  • Handy, Charles (2000). 21 Ideas for Managers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN0-14-027510-X.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johari window.
  • Noogenesis article on the Johari Window, Examples of window-altering actions; game theory aspects.
  • Online Johari Window tool, by Kevan Davis
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johari_window&oldid=1006182563'
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An illustration of the Overton Window, along with Treviño's degrees of acceptance

The Overton window is the range of policies politically acceptable to the mainstream population at a given time.[1] It is also known as the window of discourse. The term is named after American policy analyst Joseph P. Overton, who stated that an idea's political viability depends mainly on whether it falls within this range, rather than on politicians' individual preferences.[2][3] According to Overton, the window frames the range of policies that a politician can recommend without appearing too extreme to gain or keep public office given the climate of public opinion at that time.

Summary[edit]

Overton described a spectrum from 'more free' to 'less free' with regard to government intervention, oriented vertically on an axis, to avoid comparison with the left/right political spectrum.[4] As the spectrum moves or expands, an idea at a given location may become more or less politically acceptable. After Overton's death, his Mackinac Center for Public Policy colleague Joseph Lehman further developed the idea and named it after Overton.[5]

Political commentator Joshua Treviño has postulated that the six degrees of acceptance of public ideas are roughly:[6]

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  • Unthinkable
  • Radical
  • Acceptable
  • Sensible
  • Popular
  • Policy
A new idea fills the window of what the public regards as unthinkable, causing the desired idea to shift into the window of what the public views as sensible, without its proponents necessarily having explained any benefits of the desired idea.[disputed]

The Overton Window is an approach to identifying the ideas that define the spectrum of acceptability of governmental policies. Politicians can only act within the acceptable range. Shifting the Overton Window involves proponents of policies outside the window persuading the public to expand the window. Proponents of current policies, or similar ones within the window, seek to convince people that policies outside it should be deemed unacceptable. According to Lehman, who coined the term, 'The most common misconception is that lawmakers themselves are in the business of shifting the Overton window. That is absolutely false. Lawmakers are actually in the business of detecting where the window is, and then moving to be in accordance with it.'[7] Historically we've seen the Overton window shift on a range of social issues such as women’s suffrage, abolishing of slavery, and the growing acceptance of assisted reproductive technologies.[8]

According to Lehman, the concept is just a description of how ideas work, not advocacy of extreme policy proposals. In an interview with The New York Times, he said, 'It just explains how ideas come in and out of fashion, the same way that gravity explains why something falls to the earth. I can use gravity to drop an anvil on your head, but that would be wrong. I could also use gravity to throw you a life preserver; that would be good.'[9] But since its incorporation in political discourse, others have used the concept of shifting the window to promote ideas outside it, with the intention of making fringe ideas more acceptable.[10] The 'door-in-the-face' technique of persuasion is similar.

In 1998, Noam Chomsky said:

The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of acceptable opinion, but allow very lively debate within that spectrum—even encourage the more critical and dissident views. That gives people the sense that there's free thinking going on, while all the time the presuppositions of the system are being reinforced by the limits put on the range of the debate.[11]

Contemporary commentators[12][13] have spun off the concept of 'walking through the Overton door', to convey the easier and more timely task of advocating ideas that are becoming popular, but not yet codified into law or policy.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Giridharadas, Anand (21 November 2019). 'How America's Elites Lost Their Grip'. Time. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  2. ^'Joseph P. Overton'. Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  3. ^'A Brief Explanation of the Overton Window'. Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  4. ^Lehman, Joseph G. (23 November 2009). 'Glenn Beck Highlights Mackinac Center's 'Overton Window''. Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  5. ^Robertson, Derek. 'How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase'. Politico. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  6. ^thereisnospoon (10 May 2006). 'Why the Right-Wing Gets It—and Why Dems Don't [updated]'. Daily Kos. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  7. ^Robertson, Derek. 'How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase'. Politico. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  8. ^'Overton window – Definition and examples'. Conceptually. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  9. ^Astor, Maggie. 'How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream'. New York Times. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  10. ^NCrissieB (5 November 2009). 'Morning Feature: Crazy Like a Fox?'. Daily Kos. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  11. ^Chomsky, Noam (1998). The Common Good. Odonian Press.
  12. ^Why Bernie Sanders lost and how progressives can still win(podcast). The Ezra Klein Show. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  13. ^The left's path to power(podcast). The Weeds. Vox. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

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Further reading[edit]

  • Pilgrim, Mark (23 August 2006). 'W3C and the Overton window'. Dive into Mark. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
  • Lehman, Joseph G. (8 April 2010). 'An Introduction to the Overton Window of Political Possibility'. Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
  • Astor, Maggie (26 February 2019). 'How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream'. The New York Times.

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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Overton_window&oldid=1013375081'